Категория: Списание Автоматика и информатика

автоматика
В. Христов, С. Граматиков, Г. Георгиев, Е. Генчев. Виртуален инструмент за усъвършенстване на стенд за изследване на характеристиките на двигател за постоянен ток

saibg
Статията е 2 от 10 в списание АВТОМАТИКА И ИНФОРМАТИКА 3, 2018 г.

Key Words: DC motor; virtual instrument; LabVIEW; mechanical characteristics.

Abstract.  This article is an enhancement of an existing bench by creating an instrumental tool through LabVIEW for automated mechanical characteristics removal of a DC motor on a system generator-motor. By using the Arduino microcontroller for analogue-to-digital conversion from the sensor (modules) and for connection to the computer, it allows with a relatively small amount of resources to upgrade an existing stand. Voltage dividers for voltage measurement and built-in virtual instrument and graphical screen for visualizing the system’s operation processes were built.

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автоматика
Н. Перчемлиев, А. Грънчарова, К. Бошнаков. Йерархична система за управление на инсталация за пречистване на газов кондензат при производството на амоняк

saibg
Статията е 3 от 10 в списание АВТОМАТИКА И ИНФОРМАТИКА 3, 2018 г.

Key Words: Ammonia production; gas condensate stripping; hierarchical control system; profit loop; supervisory control.

Abstract. In this paper examines an existing industrial plant for gas condensate stripping, which is part of ammonia production. Processes and apparatuses are described. Real industrial measurements were made on the basis of which analyses were made. A conceptual architecture of a hierarchical control system for installation’s control is presented. The suggested architecture can be implemented and tested with the existing Honeywell’s Experion PKS. The main purpose of the hierarchical control system is to improve the efficiency of heat sources and the quality of the stripped gas condensate. This will improve the economic performance of the entire ammonia plant.

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автоматика
А. Павлов, Н. Николов, М. Александрова. PLC базирана система за управление на инсталация за каталитична вакуум пиролиза на отпадни суровини

saibg
Статията е 4 от 10 в списание АВТОМАТИКА И ИНФОРМАТИКА 3, 2018 г.

Key Words: Catalytic vacuum pyrolysis; state space; state observer; state controller; MATLAB Simulink; PLC; SISO; Unity Pro XL.

Abstract. This paper discusses problem designing PLC-based process control system for catalytic vacuum pyrolysis. Paper presented PLC-based discrete state modal controller for SISO systems. It is based on observer of Luenberger. The state controller is synthesized as a functional block in programming environment Unity Pro XL for PLC series Modicon M340 of Schneider Electric.

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информатика
В. Алексиева, А. Хулиан. Крипто токен, базиран на смарт контракт на етериум блокчейн

saibg
Статията е 5 от 10 в списание АВТОМАТИКА И ИНФОРМАТИКА 3, 2018 г.

Key Words: Ethereum; block chain; smart contract; crypto-token; crypto-currency.

Abstract.  The proposed paper realized a smart contract based on Ethereum blockchain. The decentralized crypto-token is created for Initial Coin Offering (ICO) and based on ERC20 standard. A web-based interface is created for sale of these crypto-tokens. The results from experimental tests are presented.

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постижения и приложения
Г. Георгиева-Цанева, M. Господинов, Е. Господинова. Анализ на вариабилността на сърдечната честота чрез статистически параметри

saibg
Статията е 6 от 10 в списание АВТОМАТИКА И ИНФОРМАТИКА 3, 2018 г.

Key Words: Heart Rate Variability; Statistical Analysis; Atrial Fibrillation; Premature Ventricular Contraction; Normal Sinus Rhythm; Orthogonal Transforms.

Abstract. Cardiovascular diseases are among the first causes of death. The main cardiovascular diseases are myocardial ischemia, various types of arrhythmias, reduced ability to contract the left ventricle. Cardiac testing is performed non-invasively by electrocardiograph or Holter monitoring. The paper examines, through the application of orthogonal transforms, the continuous holter recordings of individuals with Atrial Fibrillation, Premature Ventricular Contraction and Normal Sinus Rhythm. The mathematical analysis is performed in the time domain. The results show characteristic differences between patients with both types of arrhythmias and in healthy individuals. The presented  results can be of benefit to cardiology practice in Bulgaria and worldwide.

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постижения и приложения
Р. Хрисчев. Система за входящ контрол на основните суровини при производството на хартия от рециклирани материали

saibg
Статията е 7 от 10 в списание АВТОМАТИКА И ИНФОРМАТИКА 3, 2018 г.

Key Words: Internal control; paper; recycling paper.

Abstract. The article introduces effective Internal Control System for the main raw materials for the production of paper from recycled materials for packaging industry. In the article are present logical structure and technical realization of the system.

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новости, информация, общество
19-а конференция „Technology, Culture and International Stability“ (TECIS’19) на Международната федерация по автоматично управление IFAC

saibg
Статията е 8 от 10 в списание АВТОМАТИКА И ИНФОРМАТИКА 3, 2018 г.

На 26-28 септември 2019 г. в Созопол, България се проведе 19-ата конференция „Technology, Culture and
International Stability“ (TECIS’19) на Международната федерация по автоматично управление IFAC (International Federation for Automatic Control).

Международната федерация по автоматично управление IFAC е многонационала федерация от 52 национални организации членки, всяка от които представлява инженерни и научни общества, свързани с автоматичното управление в своите собствени страни. Основана е през септември 1957 г. Целта на IFAC е популяризиране на науката и технологията за управлението в най-широкия смисъл и във всички системи – инженерни, физически, биологични, социални и икономически както по отношение на теорията и приложенията, така и по отношение на влиянието на технологиите за управление на обществото.

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новости, информация, общество
Международна конференция „Автоматика и информатика‘19“

saibg
Статията е 9 от 10 в списание АВТОМАТИКА И ИНФОРМАТИКА 3, 2018 г.

На 3-5 октомври 2019 г. се проведе традиционната Международна конференция „Автоматика и информатика‘19“, която се организира всяка година от Съюза по автоматика и информатика (САИ) „Джон Атанасов” и ФНТС.

Провеждането на конференцията се свързва традиционно с рождения ден на патрона на Съюза по автоматика и информатика Джон Атанасов – 4 октомври. Този ден е обявен от Министерския съвет за Ден на информационното общество – професионален празник на специалистите по компютърна техника, информационни технологии и автоматика. И тази година конференцията беше проведена под патронажа на президента на Република България г-н Румен Радев.

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годишнина
Проф. д.т.н. инж. Никола Маджаров на 85 години

saibg
Статията е 10 от 10 в списание АВТОМАТИКА И ИНФОРМАТИКА 3, 2018 г.

През 2019 г. уважаваният и обичан от няколко поколения негови колеги преподаватели, от многобройните
си студенти и докторанти и от цялата гилдия на специалистите по автоматика и информатика проф. д.т.н. Никола Маджаров навърши 85 години! Никола Енчев Маджаров е роден на 5 септември 1934 г. в Сопот. Завършил е специалност електрообзавеждане на промишлени предприятия в МЕИ – София, през 1958 г. Защитил е кандидатска дисертация (к.т.н., сега доктор) на тема “Некоторыe вопросы статистической динамики дискретных систем автоматической оптимизации” през 1964 г. в Московския енергетичен институт (научен ръководител проф. Л. Растригин) и докторска дисертация за д.т.н. на тема “Инженерни задачи в линейната идентификация” през 1978 г. във ВМЕИ – София.

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автоматика
М. Хаджийски. Превръща ли се автоматиката в рутинна инженерна дисциплина

saibg
Статията е 1 от 10 в списание АВТОМАТИКА И ИНФОРМАТИКА 2, 2018 г.

Key Words: Artificial intelligence; automation; control theory; knowledge.

Abstract. During the second half of the twentieth century Automation was doubtlessly one of the most dominant scientific and engineering directions. In control theory a number of original concepts with a fundamental importance received a quick and deep development – dynamic systems, feedback, stability, modeling, identification, optimization, robustness, controllability and observability. These new concepts rendered a strong interdisciplinary paradigmal impact on a variety of scientific areas of advanced activities – computer science, decision making as well as on classic sciences like neuroscience, psychology, medicine, economics, education and many others. On the other hand contemporary Automation absorbs in a natural way lots of relevant achievements in other scientific directions like the fuzzy logic, the approximation theory, the neural nets, the network approach, learning, elements of the artificial intelligence, etc. But during the last fifteen years there was an obvious decrease of the verbal attendance of the Automation problematics in societal debates about the emerging challenges in a globalizing world. In the present paper it is argued that Automation continues to be a solid reactive and proactive factor in the formation of the societal strategy and in the running advanced technological and scientific policy because: (i) Automation speeds up its internal advanced development solving new emerging problems, (ii) Automation possesses relevant tools to predict corresponding scientific challenges and to Overcome Them, (Iii) Automation Will Be Together With Artificial Intelligence The Most Powerful Action In The Social Digitalization In The Near Future.

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автоматика
Г. Михалев, Х. Стойчева. Синтез на лиенейно-квадратичен регулатор за управление на вибрационен захранващ модул

saibg
Статията е 2 от 10 в списание АВТОМАТИКА И ИНФОРМАТИКА 2, 2018 г.

Key Words: Vibratory bowl feeder; LQR controller; robust analysis.

Abstract. In this paper, a synthesis of the LQR control unit for a vibratory feeding and orientation module is presented. The device representing the control object is considered as a two-mass resonating system. In the presence of parametric uncertainty, a linear model of the system in state space is produced. A robust closed-loop analysis has been accomplished, showing the robust quality and robust stability of the system provided by the LQR controller.

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автоматика
Е. Михайлов, К. Бошнаков, И. Петрова. Оценка на риска от пробив на метал в металургична кофа

saibg
Статията е 3 от 10 в списание АВТОМАТИКА И ИНФОРМАТИКА 2, 2018 г.

Key Words: Risk assessment; liquid steel breakout; metallurgical ladle; infrared thermography.

Abstract. In the present paper is considered the risk assessment for liquid steel breakouts from metallurgical ladle. The damages with different form are investigated. Mathematical models for geometric dimensions of damages and temperature field on metallurgical ladle are created. The temperature field is measured by infrared thermo camera.

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автоматика
Н. Делийски, Д. Ангелски, Н. Тричков, Ж. Гочев. Изчисляване на средномасовата температура на дървени детайли при едностранното им нагряване

saibg
Статията е 4 от 10 в списание АВТОМАТИКА И ИНФОРМАТИКА 2, 2018 г.

Кey Words: Average mass temperature; oak details; one sided heating; plasticizing; bending.

Abstract. An approach for computing the average mass temperature of the wood and the rate of its change during one sided heating of flat wood details, has been suggested. The approach is based on the use of the solutions of own non-linear model for the calculation of the non-stationary 1D temperature distribution along the thickness of subjected to one sided conductive heating flat wood details aimed at their plasticizing in the production of curved back parts of chairs. A software program has been prepared in the calculation environment of Visual FORTRAN Professional for solving of the model. With the help of the program, the 1D non-stationary temperature field in flat oak details with an initial temperature of 20 oC, moisture content of 0.15 kg.kg-1, thickness of 12 mm, 16 mm, and 20 mm during their 30 min one sided heating at temperature of 80 oC and 120 oC of the heating metal body has been calculated. After integration of the temperature field, the average mass wood temperature and the rate of its change of the subjected to one sided heating oak details has been calculated. The obtained results are graphically presented and analyzed.

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автоматика
Р. Владова, E. Кирилова, Н. Ваклиева-Банчева. Метод за подобряване на несигурностите и повишаване на устойчивостта чрез топлинна интеграция на потоците в периодични производствени системи

saibg
Статията е 1 от 10 в списание АВТОМАТИКА И ИНФОРМАТИКА 1-2, 2021 г.

Key Words: Heat integration; batch processes; stochastic optimization; flexibility index.

Abstract. By definition, sustainable development is a way of using natural resources that aims to meet human needs while maintaining the natural balance with the environment, so that these needs can be met both now and for future generations. The creation of highly efficient technological processes, energy efficiency in every sphere of the economy and society, the production of energy from renewable energy sources, the economy of materials, the use of renewable natural resources, the development of green and eco-technologies, prevention of harmful waste; effective governance of the economy, society and the environment are part of the most important policies underlying the European Union’s (EU) Sustainable Development Strategy. Creating energy efficient production systems involves less impact on the environment. One of the most powerful tools for creating this type of system is the integration of energy and mass processes. Process integration covers a wide range of system-oriented methods and approaches that are used in the design and reconstruction of industrial processes to obtain optimal use of resources. In recent years, the focus on energy integration of processes has shifted from the integration of processes in continuous systems to the integration in systems with batch processes. From the conducted researches it is clear that the production systems with batch processes have sufficient energy potential, which can be used to improve their energy efficiency. The recovery and use of this heat is complicated by the batch nature of the processes, and the task is further complicated by the impact of stochastically changing flow parameters such as temperature, volume, etc., overcoming which is a serious challenge to the sustainability of batch production systems. The aim of the present study is to propose a method for dealing with uncertainties and increasing resilience through heat integration of flows in periodic production systems. The method includes three main stages: 1. Uncertainty analysis and selection of a suitable scheme for energy integration of processes and its mathematical description; 2. Defining the problem of optimal redesign of an energy-integrated batch production system by incorporating the integration model within a stochastic optimization problem and its solution; 3. Assessment and decision making to choose the most appropriate solution, whereby the production system is sustainable of the impact of the uncertain parameters in the widest borders, by defining the flexibility index.

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информатика
Е. Оцетова-Дудин, И. Куртев. ModSecurity правила за защита на уеб сървър

saibg
Статията е 5 от 10 в списание АВТОМАТИКА И ИНФОРМАТИКА 2, 2018 г.

Key Words: ModSecurity; HTTP; OWASP; Web Application; Firewall.

Abstract. The security of the information in the contemporary dynamic and information world is by priority importance. Every day the entire world alarms for different in their nature and object hacker’s attacks. The damages of those attacks are as well fiscal and moral. The most popular attacks against the web-applications are those with causing service denial (Denial of Service – DoS), the blocking of the functioning of different sites or entire systems. Protection opportunities of web-servers, functioning in real time of OWASP (Open Web Application Security Project) are presented in that material. The module ModSecurity provides a set of protection rules, based on control of the ingoing and outgoing traffic from the point of view of the server

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информатика
К. Димитров. Анализ на информационната сигурност в стандартите за безжична локална мрежа IEEE 802.11

saibg
Статията е 6 от 10 в списание АВТОМАТИКА И ИНФОРМАТИКА 2, 2018 г.

Key Words: Wireless LAN (WLAN) security; WEP; RC4; IEEE 802.11; IEEE 802.1X; IEEE 802.11i; WPA; TKIP; WPA2; AES; CCMP; KRACK attack.

Abstract. On the basis of extensive research in the specialized literature, a critical analysis of information security protocols in the standards for IEEE 802.11 wireless LAN (WLAN, WiFi) has been carried out. Finally, some conclusions and recommendations are made. The first WLAN security protocol – WEP is extremely insecure and should not be used. Due to the inherited vulnerabilities of WEP and the fact that some parts of TKIP (such as the Michael function) have some security deficiencies, WPA has already exhausted its role as a temporary WEP fix for legacy hardware and is not recommended. Despite the mathematically proven cryptographic security of the AES standard in CBC mode, a weakness in the cryptographic key management process makes it vulnerable and leads to a security breach of WPA2 in October 2017. Although the vulnerability is removable by patch, probably a lot of WiFi-Devices have not been updated, which puts users at risk. In addition, despite updates of the firmware and recommendations from information security professionals to circumvent and/or block the protocol breach, reports emerged in October 2018 that the vulnerability to KRACK was still being exploited.

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автоматика
M. Хаджийски, Н. Делийски. Интелигентно управление на процеса на топлинно обработване на дървесина при променливи производствени разписания. Част 2. Интелигентно управление на операционния мениджмънт

saibg
Статията е 2 от 10 в списание АВТОМАТИКА И ИНФОРМАТИКА 1-2, 2021 г.

Кey Words: Case-Base Reasoning (CBR); mathematical modeling; operational conditions; scheduling; suboptimal control; Thermal Treatment Process (TTP).

Abstract. An intelligent system for control of the thermal treatment process (TTP) of wood materials addressed toward manufacturing with necessity of often rescheduling is proposed via combination of model-based and data-driven approaches. Using First-principle mathematical model of TTP presented by Partial Differential Equations in 2D space with suboptimal model-based control algorithm and Case-Based Reasoning (CBR) approach an explicit suboptimal control system is investigated in different operational conditions. A set of virtual subspaces for feasible operational situations for variety of objective criteria of value assessment is created using traditional problem-decision representation. As the search spaces are well structured, the search procedure based on traditional K–NN algorithm is strongly simplified. In this way the complicated computer simulation of the TTP at each time step due to the plant’s parameter distribution, nonlinearity and operational or environmental disturbances are fulfilled off-line. On-line are accomplished relatively small part of the calculations connected with the traditional R4–operations in CBR, objective functions estimation, some databased and rule-based control parameter corrections and possible adaptation from charge to charge. Some results of the simulation experiments are presented and analyzed.

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автоматика
И. Петров. Йерархия на структурата на енергийните баланси

saibg
Статията е 3 от 10 в списание АВТОМАТИКА И ИНФОРМАТИКА 1-2, 2021 г.

Key Words: Information theory; entropy; hierarchy; energy mix; renewable energies.

Abstract. The dynamics of development and distribution of resources are key questions for characterizing the complexity of systems in a large number of areas. Traditionally, the natural sciences (physics, chemistry, computer science, telecommunications, and others) have used Shannon’s information theory and the concept of entropy to assess diversity, uncertainty, and chaos. Social sciences (economics, competition law, etc.) prefer to consider these issues from the opposite point of view – the concentration of resources, reflecting the dominance and hierarchy in competition interactions. Energy systems are a typical example of complex and dynamic systems and their study is of particular interest in theoretical and practical terms. Becoming the engine of innovation in energy technologies, renewable energy sources play an important role in the evolution and dynamics of energy balances at the international, national and local levels. The article presents the possibilities of the original method developed by the author for estimating the hierarchy of information, its advantages in comparison with the traditional methods of Shannon’s entropy and Herfindahl concentration and its application for improving the analysis of energy balances and the role of renewable energy sources.

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информатика
Л. Боянов. Предаване на данни от интернет на обектите – подходи и протоколи

saibg
Статията е 4 от 10 в списание АВТОМАТИКА И ИНФОРМАТИКА 1-2, 2021 г.

Key Words: Internet of Things; data transmission; communication protocols; big data.

Abstract. Communication models and protocols in Internet of Things (IoT) are relatively new field of research and use due to the fact, that connecting objects by digital means in Internet has occurred only in the last decade. However, the rapid grow of applications of this paradigm in almost all areas of human activity has led to enormous volume of data generated from all kind of sources (things) and transmitted all over the global digital network. This, in turn, has led to the creation of new models and protocols for data transmission in IoT. The paper gives an overview of the main approaches / models for communication in IoT. The requirement for scalability and simplicity is amongst the most important when IoT and Big data are involved. Four models are presented – the Push, Request/Response, Subscribe/Notify and Publish/Subscribe. A classification and layered approach is made for protocols used in IoT. Three of the most widely used for data transmission in IoT are taken for further investigation – MQTT, CoAP and AMQP. They are compared in terms of bandwidth, overhead, size of transmitted data, reliability and security. Then are compared with HTTP, which is well known and widely used on the Internet. The conclusions are that the most popular model for IoT and Big data communication is the Publish/Subscribe one, whether in regard to the use and recommendation for data protocol, one cannot point a clear leader at present (unlike the protocols in the TCP/IP stack for Internet), so there is the tendency that for the time being, different data protocols will be used in different IoT and Big data applications.

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информатика
П. Петров, Г. Костадинов, П. Живков, В. Величкова, Н. Керемедчиева. G Code векторизация след редукция на цветовете за изрисуване с плотер

saibg
Статията е 5 от 10 в списание АВТОМАТИКА И ИНФОРМАТИКА 1-2, 2021 г.

Key Words: G Code; vectorization; colors reduction; plotting.

Abstract. G Code instructions are used for CNC machines. In order, such machines to produce objects or drawings visual information should be vectorized. Transformation of full-color image to set of 16 colors is achieved by color reduction algorithm. Pixels in the image are replaced with simple shapes (strokes) in such a way that these simple graphic primitives to be drawn by CNC driven 2D plotter. Each stroke should be drawn by a single loading of oil paint. This goal cannot be achieved by standard G Code generation and this research.

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