Категория: Списание Автоматика и информатика

автоматика
М. Хаджийски. Юбилеен 30-и симпозиум „Управление на енергийни, индустриални и екологични системи”

saibg
Статията е 1 от 10 в списание АВТОМАТИКА И ИНФОРМАТИКА 1, 2023 г.

Key Words: Control praxis; ecology; energy; engineering; industrial automation; innovation.

Abstract. The presented overview represents a general view of the successfully held 30th edition of the International Symposium on Control of Energy, Industrial and Environmental Systems. This was not a narrowly specialized forum, it was a search for a possible way to build a bridge between theoretical achievements and their practical implementation in industrial automation. The main automation engineering companies and the relevant organizational structures in industry and business in Bulgaria have invariably been active participants and sponsors of the symposium. The total number of reports and company presentations published in the proceedings of the symposium exceeded 500. During the three decades of its existence the symposium was constantly evolving following the rapid progress of theoretical achievements, new technical devices and advanced software, emerging innovative technologies based on Big Data and Artificial Intelligence. The symposium was a place for productive discussions, exchange of experience and mutual enrichment of specialists with different profiles. It was a suitable environment for creating new contacts, which in many cases grew into long-term business cooperation. The symposium was a forum for popularizing the scientific and practical achievements of industrial automation in Bulgaria. It was often a place for first appearance and publication of young specialists from scientific circles and industry.

Повече

моделиране на енергийни системи
И. Симеонов, Н. Пан, Х. Ван, Я. Тян, Е. Чорукова, Н. Христов. Сравнителни изследвания на добивите на енергия при едностъпални и двустъпални процеси на анаеробна биодеградация

saibg
Статията е 2 от 10 в списание АВТОМАТИКА И ИНФОРМАТИКА 1, 2023 г.

Key Words: Anaerobic digestion; one-stage anaerobic digestion processes; two-stage anaerobic digestion processes; mathematical modeling; static characteristics; biogas yields; energy yield.

Abstract. Compared to traditional one-stage anaerobic digestion processes (OSAD) with biomethane production, this paper focuses on the study of energy yield of the two-stage anaerobic digestion processes (TSAD), which are able to produce simultaneously biohydrogen and biomethane. In TSAD, relatively fast growing acidogens and H 2-producing bacteria are developed in the first-stage hydrogenic bioreactor and are involved in the production of volatile fatty acides (VFA) and H2. On the other hand, the slow growing acetogens and methanogens are developed in the second-stage methanogenic bioreactor, in which the produced VFA are further converted to CH4 and CO2. This separation allows to optimize physico-chemical parameters for both groups of microorganisms which are not the same. Using mathematical models (mass balance type) developed by our team, theoretical comparative analysis of the energy yield from one-stage and two-stage anaerobic digestion systems is performed. Transforming the differential equations of these balance models, some algebraic equations called static characteristics for both bioreactors were obtained. They represent dependencies of the main process variables from the control variable (dilution rate). On the basis of theese results, the theoretical maximal values of the corresponding enery carriers (hydrogen and methane) yields can be found for different values of the inlet organics (perturbation). The possible maximal biohydrogen and biomethane yields and the overall energy production are calculated by the static characteristics and extremum points of both systems. From the performed analytical and simulation studies, it can be seen that the energy obtained with TSAD is from 32% to 48% greater compared to OSAD under similar conditions (depending on the concentration of the incoming organics).

Повече

интелигентни системи
А. В. Атанасов, Д. Пилев, Ф. Томова. Бимодална система за разпознаване на емоции, базирана на дълбоки невронни мрежи (Deep Neural Networks)

saibg
Статията е 3 от 10 в списание АВТОМАТИКА И ИНФОРМАТИКА 1, 2023 г.

Key Words: Online Learning; Deep Neural Networks; Face Recognition; Facial Emotions Recognition; Python.

Abstract. Current study presents development of bimodal system for Facial Emotion Recognition (FER) and Body Gestures Emotion Recognition (BER). The system is based on two Deep Learning Neural Networks (DNN) each one responsible for the recognition of the emotion of the face or the body. The use of the combination of two neural networks has an amplifying synergistic effect, which increases by about 10% the accuracy of the results (recognized emotionс) compared to those of the individual DNN. The selection of pre-trained DNN models for facial and body emotions recognition is based on two authors’ papers, in which detailed analysis of the DNN for FER and BER has been done. Therefore in current study a brief information about selected DNN models is provided, as well information about specific dataset used for training selected DNNs. Verification of the bimodal system is done using our private dataset.

Повече

интелигентни системи
С. Йорданов, Г. Михалев, С. Иванов, Х. Стойчева. Интелигентна система за управление на събирането на твърди отпадъци

saibg
Статията е 4 от 10 в списание АВТОМАТИКА И ИНФОРМАТИКА 1, 2023 г.

Key Words: Waste collection; smart city; Internet of Things (IoT); intelligent transportation systems; surveillance systems.

Abstract. The paper presents the structure of an intelligent integrated system for managing the collection of solid waste in urban and suburban environments. The system can automatically maintain the box level and send information to the waste collection truck. The technologies used in the proposed system are good needed to provide real monitoring and management of waste collection processes and to obtain a green environment.

Повече

информатика
Д. Първанов, П. Томов, Т. Балабанов. Фина настройка на LibreOffice Calc NLP Solver за многокритериална оптимизация

saibg
Статията е 5 от 10 в списание АВТОМАТИКА И ИНФОРМАТИКА 1, 2023 г.

Key Words: LibreOffice Calc; multi-objective optimization; NLP Solver.

Abstract. There is a common difference between single-objective optimization and multi-objective optimization. In the first case, there is only a single value as a result of the optimization. In the second case, there is a set of solutions called Pareto-optimal solutions. Single-objective solvers are giving only a single value as a result, even for multimodal functions. Because of this single-objective solver is not proper for multi-objective problems. Through additional adaptation, a single-objective solver is possible to start multiple times. Taking the results of multiple starts, the Pareto front is marked. When the solver is a metaheuristic, the front itself is difficult to achieve. With fine-tuning of the solver’s parameters, the solutions can be as close as possible.

Повече

новости, информация, общество
Клуб САИ през 2022 г.

saibg
Статията е 6 от 10 в списание АВТОМАТИКА И ИНФОРМАТИКА 1, 2023 г.

Клуб САИ продължава да е едно от най-привлекателните и популярни мероприятия на САИ. Наред с чисто човешките, колегиални и професионални контакти представянето на фирми и постижения на колеги в областта на автоматиката и информатиката позволява членовете на САИ да се запознаят с актуални теми в науката и реалната икономика в предметната област на Съюза.

Повече

новости, информация, общество
23-а международна конференция „Компютърни системи и технологии“ CompSysTech’22, 17-18 юни 2022 г., Русе

saibg
Статията е 7 от 10 в списание АВТОМАТИКА И ИНФОРМАТИКА 1, 2023 г.

CompSysTech’22 е двадесет и третото издание на Международната конференция по компютърни системи и технологии, организирана от Българското академично дружество по информатика и Съюза по автоматика и информатика (САИ) „Джон Атанасов“ с подкрепата на ФНТС. Конференцията се проведе на 17-18 юни 2022 г. в Русе. Традиционните конференции CompSysTech се провеждат ежегодно от 2000 г. досега.

Повече

новости, информация, общество
1st IFAC Workshop on Control for Smart Cities CSC 2022, 27-30 юни 2022 г., Созопол

saibg
Статията е 8 от 10 в списание АВТОМАТИКА И ИНФОРМАТИКА 1, 2023 г.

1st IFAC Workshop on Control for Smart Cities CSC 2022, 27-30 юни 2022 г., Созопол се проведе във виртуална среда поради ковид пандемията. Това позволи на колеги от страни, отдалечени от България, да участват в CSC 2022. Бяха представени 14 държави. Семинарът е организиран от Съюза по автоматика и информатика 1 2023 37 „Джон Атанасов“ със съдействието на ФНТС.

Повече

новости, информация, общество
Дни на Джон Атанасов и IEEE International Conference Automatics and Informatics’2022 (ICAI’22), 6-8 октомври 2022 г., Варна

saibg
Статията е 9 от 10 в списание АВТОМАТИКА И ИНФОРМАТИКА 1, 2023 г.

Ежегодната международна конференция IEEE International Conference Automatics and Informatics’22 (ICAI’22), продължение на традиционната Международна конференция „Автоматика и информатика“, се проведе в периода 6-8 октомври 2022 г. с домакин ТУ – Варна. Тя е едно от основните мероприятия в Дните на Джон Атанасов, които се провеждат традиционно под патронажа на президента на Република България с цел представяне и популяризиране на резултатите от научните изследвания в областта на автоматиката и информатиката.

Конференцията е с 55-годишна история и има голям принос за развитието на автоматиката и информатиката в България.

Повече

новости, информация, общество
Юбилеен 30-и международен симпозиум „Управление на енергийни, екологични и индустриални системи“, 10-11 ноември 2022 г., София

saibg
Статията е 10 от 10 в списание АВТОМАТИКА И ИНФОРМАТИКА 1, 2023 г.

На 10-11 ноември 2022 г. в зала 3 на Дома на науката и техниката, ФНТС, ул. Г. С. Раковски 108 се проведе юбилейното 30-то издание на традиционния ежегоден международен симпозиум „Управление на енергийни, индустриални и екологични системи“, организиран от Съюза по автоматика и информатика „Джон Атанасов“ със съдействието на ФНТС. В 30-годишното си съществуване симпозиумът е поддържал неизменно линията за връзка между специалистите по автоматика и информатика от изследователските групи и индустрията.

Повече

автоматика
М. Хаджийски. Интегриране на системи за вземане на решения и системи за управление

saibg
Статията е 1 от 6 в списание АВТОМАТИКА И ИНФОРМАТИКА 4, 2022 г.

Key Words: Artificial intelligence; control systems; data-drivenprocess; Decision Making; human-machine interaction; optimization.

Abstract. The work examines the main aspects of the integration of decision making (DM) processes and the control of systems (Control Systems, CS) in modern objects with great complexity and complexity from the perspective of effective application of artificial intelligence methods using data flow. The DM procedure is treated in the light of modern settings and requirements for successful functioning under difficult to overcome conditions such as great uncertainty, scarcity and low quality of data, multicriteria, stochasticity, significant limitations, variability of structures and parameters. Particular attention is paid to the need to increasingly involve machine methods in hybrid Decision Making (DM). The solution of the DM task is treated as an optimization problem that can be solved by different formal, heuristic and hybrid methods depending on the context, existing experience and knowledge, available resources – cost, time, qualification. Special attention is paid to DM and CS approaches in centralized, decentralized and distributed site structures. The wide range of possibilities for the application of technologies based on artificial intelligence and the perspective of their application are indicated.

Повече

автоматика
Н. Делийски, Д. Ангелски, П. Вичев, Н. Тумбаркова. Изчисляване на енергийния разход и КПД на автоклави при пропарване на дървени призми по режими с диспечерска намеса в тях

saibg
Статията е 2 от 6 в списание АВТОМАТИКА И ИНФОРМАТИКА 4, 2022 г.

Кey Words: Non-frozen wooden prisms; unsteady models; autoclave steaming; energy consumption; energy efficiency; dispatching interference; veneer production.

Abstract. An approach for computing the energy consumption and energy efficiency of autoclaves for intensive steaming of non-frozen wooden prisms at limited heat power of the steam generator in cases of dispatching intervention into the temperature-time parameters of steaming regimes in order to obtain a duration that is suitable for the subsequent cutting of the veneer from the heated plasticized prisms has been presented. The approach is based on the use of two personal mathematical models: 2D non-linear model of the unsteady distribution of the temperature in the cross-section of non-frozen prismatic wood materials subjected to heating at conductive boundary conditions and consequent conditioning in an air environment, and model of the non-stationary thermal balance of autoclaves for steaming wood materials. For numerical solving of the models and practical application of the suggested approach, a software package was prepared in the calculation environment of Visual FORTRAN Professional developed by Microsoft and operating under Windows. Using this package computations and research of the change in the energy consumption and energy efficiency of steaming autoclaves for plasticizing of non-frozen beech prisms before cutting them into veneer have been carried out. The variables used during the simulations were equal, as follows: an initial wood temperature of 0 °C, moisture content of 0.6 kg·kg−1, and cross-section dimensions of the beech prisms 0.4 × 0.4 m; steaming autoclave with inner diameter of 2.4 m, length of its cylindrical part of 9.0 m, and loading level with prisms of 50%; limited heat power of 500 kW of the generator, which feeds the autoclave with saturated water steam. The calculations were carried out for the cases of reducing by the dispatcher the maximum temperature of the basic steaming regime from 130 °C to 120, 110, and 100 °C in the 3rd , 7th , and 11th hour of this regime. The suggested approach can be applied for creation of software for systems used for computing and model-based automatic realization of energy-efficient regimes for autoclave steaming of non-frozen wood materials with desired duration set by the dispatcher.

Повече

информатика
И. Велкова. Обработка и анализ на неструктурирани данни с помощта на изкуствен интелект

saibg
Статията е 3 от 6 в списание АВТОМАТИКА И ИНФОРМАТИКА 4, 2022 г.

Key Words: IDOL; Hadoop; artificial intelligence; big data; analysis, processing; unstructured data.

Abstract. This paper presents at the challenges and prospects of handling and analyzing unstructured big data with artificial intelligence. A huge amount of data like video, text, images, and social content from various applications is created, collected, and accumulated every day in all areas of human activities. This unstructured data cannot be effectively stored, processed, and analyzed using traditional tools and databases. This paper addresses this issue and proposes an approach to help process and subsequently extract knowledge from unstructured data collected from various sources using artificial intelligence. Some of the few existing technological tools for processing unstructured data in a Hadoop environment are presented. As a result of the study, an architecture for such processing and analysis is proposed. It includes a set of technologies that provide a possible solution to the problem.

Повече

информатика
М. Ковачева. Оценка на NoSQL бази данни за внедряване на цифрови финансови услуги

saibg
Статията е 4 от 6 в списание АВТОМАТИКА И ИНФОРМАТИКА 4, 2022 г.

Key Words: NoSQL; digitalization; Big Data; financial services.

Abstract. Digital transformation covers different processes and one of the most important industries that has been developing and becoming increasingly digitized in the last years is banking and financial services. For the banks to meet their customers’ demands, needs and expectations it is important to make changes and adapt quickly to the developing technologies. In addition to that, banks need to manage great volumes of data while making changes to their systems without causing data losses and problems for their customers. Financial services provided by banks, credit unions, accountant companies, insurance companies, investment funds, stock brokerages, etc. need databases that can adapt to the increasing need for automation for which NoSQL databases can be very useful. Non-relational databases handle big amounts of data, they are scalable and deliver better performance when processing data. This study presents specifications for NoSQL databases and evaluation approach for non-relational database for financial services.

Повече

годишнина
Доц. д-р инж. Георги Тодоров на 75 години

saibg
Статията е 5 от 6 в списание АВТОМАТИКА И ИНФОРМАТИКА 4, 2022 г.

На 7 октомври 2022 г. доц. д-р инж. Георги Стоянов Тодоров навърши 75 години.

Той е дългогодишен активен член на Съюза по автоматика и информатика „Джон Атанасов”. Специалист е по компютърни системи и технологии.

Повече

in memoriam
Доц. д-р инж. Трайчо Пензов

saibg
Статията е 6 от 6 в списание АВТОМАТИКА И ИНФОРМАТИКА 4, 2022 г.

С тъга съобщаваме, че на 18 декември 2022 г. почина нашият колега и приятел доц. д-р инж. Трайчо Пензов. Той е роден на 4 декември 1943 г. През 1968 г. завършва автоматика и телемеханика в Техническия университет – София, и започва работа в Специализираната монтажна организация по автоматизация – София, където последователно е проектант и технически ръководител при пусково-наладъчни дейности на национални обекти.

Повече

100 години ПИД регулатор
М. Хаджийски, С. Койнов. 100 години на пропорционално- интегрален и диференциален (ПИД) регулатор

saibg
Статията е 1 от 4 в списание АВТОМАТИКА И ИНФОРМАТИКА 3, 2022 г.

Key Words: Basic control; industrial automation; operating technology; parametric tuning; PID controller.

Abstract. The paper is dedicated to a remarkable date in the development of industrial automation – 2022 marks the 100th anniversary of the publication of Nicholas Minorsky’s paper “Directional Stability of Automatically Steered Bodies” which is unanimously considered the first theoretical study and justification of modern Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID) controller. This paper marks the beginning of centuries of practical implementation, theoretical research and engineering innovations that have led to a remarkable achievement – currently over 95% of the basic control circuits of industrial automation are with PID controllers in autonomous, centralized or decentralized implementation. The historical development of the PID controller is a particularly telling example of the effectiveness of their cooperation between researchers, engineers and industrial managers, as a kind of synthesis between scientific and technical feasibility, operational simplicity and economic efficiency. There is every reason to believe that PID controllers will continue to be sustainable in the coming decades, dominated by big data and artificial intelligence technologies. Many of the modern extensions of the PID controller aimed at overcoming its limitations and shortcomings are still in the research stage, but following the centuries-old tradition of ensuring a high value for money, there is no doubt that it will continues to be the main building block at the basic level of industrial automation in the construction of intelligent control systems of arbitrary complexity.

Повече

100 години ПИД регулатор
К. Бошнаков, М. Хаджийски. Какво прави ПИД регулатора все така успешен вече 100 години

saibg
Статията е 2 от 4 в списание АВТОМАТИКА И ИНФОРМАТИКА 3, 2022 г.

Key Words: Efficiency/price; life cycle; industrial automation; PID controller; design.

Abstract. A scientific and engineering achievement has a chance to become a sustainable influencer of industrial innovation only if it is accepted by business and has the resources to respond adequately to the dramatically changing driving forces of technological development. Otherwise, it gradually turns into a useful, respectable, often widespread, but conservative, even retro achievement, a product of the past. Fortunately, the modern Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID) controller, with its already 100-year history, can be referred to the category of sustainably developing achievements. With its more than 95% distribution in the operating basic control systems, it continues to have a significant impact on industrial automation. The present study substantiates the main arguments forming the positive answer to the question why is the PID controller still so successful for 100 years. The comparative analysis of the results of research on the quality of control of dynamic systems under different objects, criteria, limitations, uncertainty, shows that control systems with a PID controller are good enough in most cases of process control and beyond, and when requires a more complex solution. The reasons for the significant contribution to the wide acceptance of the PID controller by business, management and operational personnel are analyzed as the fact that the PID controller is simple, intuitively clear and easy to understand. It is justified why in PID controller systems, the performance/cost ratio is high, with particular attention paid to the design process. It is shown that one of the main reasons for the long-term success of the PID controller is its continuous functional and technological development using modern scientific achievements from various fields (artificial intelligence, data science, large systems), but remaining faithful to the fundamental principles of classic PID control.

Повече

100 години ПИД регулатор
М. Хаджийски. 100 години еволюция и перспективи за развитие на ПИД регулатора в ерата на изкуствения интелект

saibg
Статията е 3 от 4 в списание АВТОМАТИКА И ИНФОРМАТИКА 3, 2022 г.

Key Words: Artificial Intelligence; Big Data; controller synthesis; controller tuning; industrial automation; PID control.

Abstract. The centenary of the PID controller is significant not only with the pioneering article by N. Minorsky, with which he scientifically substantiates its algorithm, structure, components and dynamic behavior. It is an important reminder of a phenomenon in the development of automation – that for an entire century, and especially in its last three-quarters, the PID controller has invariably been the dominant device in industrial automation – a fact that continues to be relevant even now. In the present research, the continuous upward development of the PID controller has been traced, which has always been associated with the constant use of new technologies, methods and technical solutions from the most modern achievements of its time in various fields. The achievements in the development of the classical PID controller have been tracked, which continue to be relevant in a number of cases even now. Particular attention is paid to the problem of tuning the PID controller, which has already an 80-year history since the works of Ziegler and Nichols in 1942, and continues to attract the attention of many researchers applying state-of-the-art methods from the theory of optimization, metaheuristic approaches, machine learning. The main approaches for analytical synthesis of PID and PID-like controllers using classical methods of state-space control theory, including robust synthesis, are reviewed. Special emphasis is placed on the use of methods using big data and technologies from the field of artificial intelligence for the implementation of nested intelligent structures for hierarchical management of the executive level, on which PID controllers are applied. The trend towards the management of complex compound systems with significantly increased requirements for accuracy and robustness, to overcome the challenges of uncertainty and stochasticity in multi-criteria setting, has been traced. It is shown that the accelerated expansion of the functionality of the lassical PID controller, especially characteristic in the last two decades, has led to a new view and capabilities of the PID control technology, including promising directions such as anticipation and modeling of the surrounding environment, PID controller in open systems, implementing adaptability through switching, diagnostics and fault tolerance, cyber security. Some of the main engineering and business problems that need to be solved in order for the PID controller to continue to enjoy its popularity are indicated: preserving the spirit of simplicity and intuitive clarity, ensuring convenience and efficiency in design and operation, affordable pricess, opportunities for seamless integration into the emerging computer and communication systems in the era of big data and artificial intelligence. Due to the small historical distance, the existing modern results rather outline certain trends and mark promising directions for reaching significant achievements for the practice of industrial automation in the near future.

Повече

in memoriam
Проф. д.т.н. инж. Чавдар Дамянов

saibg
Статията е 4 от 4 в списание АВТОМАТИКА И ИНФОРМАТИКА 3, 2022 г.

На 24 август 2022 г. неочаквано ни напусна нашият уважаван и обичан колега и приятел, талантливият учен проф. д.т.н. инж. Чавдар Дамянов.
Чавдар Иванов Дамянов е роден на 19 юли 1946 г. в град Оряхово (на Дунава). Завършва средно техническо образование в Образцов механотехникум в Пловдив през 1965 г. Висше образование получава във ВМЕИ – София, през 1973 г., специалност автоматика и телемеханика. Работи в ЗЗУ – Пловдив, като ръководител на група в бюро „Надеждност и функционални връзки“.

Повече