На 3 май 2026 г. акад. Васил Стоянов Сгурев навърши достойните 90 години! Изявен български инженер, утвърден учен с международна известност и значим принос в областите на кибернетиката, роботиката, информатиката и интелигентните системи, той е сред водещите представители на българската научна школа в областта на сложните системи и управлението. Акад. Сгурев е свързан дългогодишно със Съюза по автоматика и информатика „Джон Атанасов“ (САИ). Негов председател е от 2005 до 2017 г., а оттогава е заместник-председател. Участва активно в многостранните дейности на САИ и в процесите на вземане на решения за неговото развитие и утвърждаване.
Категория: Списание Автоматика и информатика
енергийни системи
П. Кесова, И. Бачкова. Обзор на интелигентни референтни рамки, архитектури и модели в системите за енергиен мениджмънт
Key Words: Energy Management Systems; Reference Architectures; Reference Frameworks; Conceptual Models; Semantic Interoperability; Unified Information Models; Industry 4.0; ISO 50001; SGAM; IIRA; OPC UA; IEC 62264.
Abstract. Achieving the objectives of the Industry 4.0 initiative, particularly in relation to the implementation of Energy Management Systems (EnMS) in industry, depends on the structured adoption of reference frameworks, architectures, and models capable of ensuring interoperability, scalability, and continuous enhancement of energy efficiency. In recent years, concepts such as reference frameworks and architectures, conceptual models, ontologies, meta-models, and unified information models have become increasingly prominent in the development and deployment of Energy Management Systems (EnMS). Nevertheless, their simultaneous application frequently results in conceptual uncertainty and overlapping interpretations. The growing use of these concepts requires a clear understanding of their meaning, scope, and interrelationships. This paper presents an overview of intelligent reference frameworks, architectures, and models applied in the development and implementation of industrial energy management systems.
The relationships between models, reference frameworks, and architectures are analyzed, with a particular emphasis on clarifying the conceptual distinctions between conceptual models, reference models, meta-models, and meta-meta-models. Building on this analysis, the paper reviews several widely recognized standards and architectural frameworks, including ISO 50001, the Smart Grid Architecture Model (SGAM), the Industrial Internet Reference Architecture (IIRA), OPC Unified Architecture (OPC UA), and the IEC 62264 standard for enterprise control system integration.
енергийни системи
М. Хаджийски, Н. Делийски, Н. Тумбаркова, Д. Ангелски, П. Вичев, К. Атанасова. Изчисляване и апроксимиране със софтуера Table Curve 2D на енергията, необходима за размразяване на трупи
Key Words: Logs; Table Curve 2D; frozen bound water; frozen free water; defrosting; energy consumption.
Abstract. A mathematical description of the thermal energy Qw-defr required for the complete defrosting of logs, i.e. for the complete melting of the ice in them, formed in the wood in winter by the natural freezing of both free and bound water in it, using the software package Table Curve 2D has been presented. This package allows for the selection of equations, which provide the best similarity between the calculated with them values of Qw-defr during thermal treatment of logs containing ice and the respective data obtained experimentally or using an adequate temperature-energy model of Qw-defr. An approach for computing the energy required for heating to defrost logs subjected to thermal treatment before their subsecuent mechanical processing was applied. The approach is based on the use of two personal models. With the help of the non-stationary model, the defrosting times of beech logs with a diameter of 0.4 m, initial temperatures of –1 °C, –10 ˚C, –20 °C, –30 °C, –40 °C, and moisture content u of 0.4 kg∙kg-1, 0.6 kg∙kg-1, and 0.8 kg∙kg-1 were determined at operating temperatures in the boiling or steaming equipment equal to 80 °C. For different combination of the specified three values of the moisture content and five values of the initial log temperature there are significant differences between the amount of both free and bound frozen water in the logs, which ensures sufficiently large differences between the calculated values of the energy required for defrosting of the logs.
автоматика
П. Петков. Приложение на диференциалната тополoгия в инженерните науки. Кратък обзор
Key Words: Differentil topology; smooth manifolds; smooth maps; singularities; matrix computations; regularization.
Abstract. This survey briefly reviews some fundamental concepts of differential topology and discusses their application to the solution of problems arising in engineering disciplines. The use of manifolds to represent families of mathematical models makes it possible to describe parameter-dependent problems and to study their global properties. The study of mappings between manifolds includes the investigation of singular properties of these mappings at certain points of the manifolds. Although such points are not typical, they can have a significant influence on the behavior of the corresponding mapping. The application of manifolds and the associated bifurcation diagrams in parameter space to the analysis of parameter-dependent problems is presented in brief. Examples are provided to illustrate the introduced concepts.
изкуствен интелект
С. Стойкова. Платформа за локално обучение на големи езикови модели
Key Words: Large language models; management information systems; artificial intelligence; machine learning; local fine-tuning.
Abstract. The study presents a platform designed for local training and inference of popular large language models (LLMs), addressing the growing need for solutions that preserve the privacy of training data. The platform enables researchers and developers to further fine-tune base models using locally stored and processed data through a modular software architecture. It supports a wide range of models and tasks, offering seamless integration with existing machine learning workflows and tools within enterprise management information systems. Two alternative approaches to contextualization of LLMs’ knowledge bases are implemented within the platform i.e., indirectly through model tuning (parameter-efficient fine-tuning, reinforcement learning with human feedback and tutorial fine-tuning) and directly through extending the original knowledge base via retrieval-augmented generation. The proposed hybrid solution for knowledge contextualization addresses existing challenges within the generative artificial intelligence field, namely accuracy of generated information (hallucinations), as well as transparency and traceability of generated information to source data. Benchmark results from the platform utilization demonstrate competitive performance in terms of latency, context accuracy, and resource utilization compared to cloud-based alternatives. By decentralizing model development and inference, the platform empowers institutions to maintain data sovereignty, reduce operational costs, and promote sustainable practices in the field of artificial intelligence.
in memoriam
Инж. Михаил Марков Кринков (1930-2025)
На 20 декември 2025 г. ни напусна инж. Михаил Марков Кринков, един от създателите на българската промишленост в областта на компютърните технологии.
новости, информация, общество
Първи награди за млади представители на САИ „Джон Атанасов“
На 13 ноември 2025 г. се проведе XXII национална младежка научно-практическа конференция на ФНТС. В конференцията Съюзът по автоматика и информатика „Джон Атанасов“ беше представен от Александра Умленска и Христиан Кръстев и за пореден път наши участници спечелиха първи награди!
новости, информация, общество
Клуб САИ през 2025 г.
Клуб САИ е създаден през 1981 г. по желание на членовете на Комитета по автоматизация към ЦС на НТС – за обмяна на опит, информация за постигнати успехи на отделните членове на Клуба в техните научни изследвания, както и за възникнали проблеми.
новости, информация, общество
33-и международен симпозиум „Управление на енергийни, екологични и индустриални системи“, 11-12 ноември 2025 г., София
На 11-12 ноември 2025 г. в Дома на науката и техниката в София се проведе 33-то издание на традиционния ежегоден международен симпозиум „Управление на енергийни, индустриални и екологични системи“, организиран от Съюза по автоматика и информатика „Джон Атанасов“ със съдействието на ФНТС. В 33-годишното си съществуване симпозиумът поддържа неизменно линията за връзка между специалистите по автоматика и информатика от изследователските групи и индустрията.
новости, информация, общество
9th IEEE International Conference “Big Data, Knowledge and Control System Engineering” BdKCSE’2025, 6-7 ноември 2025 г., Банкя
9-тата международна конференция на IEEE „Големи данни, знания и инженерство на системи за управление“ (BdKCSE’2025) се проведе на 6-7 ноември 2025 г. в хотел Банкя Палас, Банкя.
новости, информация, общество
IEEE International Conference Automatics and Informatics’2025 (ICAI’25), 9-11 октомври 2025 г., Варна
Престижната ежегодна международна конференция IEEE International Conference Automatics and Informatics’25 (ICAI’25), продължение на традиционната Международна конференция „Автоматика и информатика“, се проведе на 9-11 октомври 2025 г. в Техническия университет – Варна. Тя е едно от основните мероприятия в Дните на Джон Атанасов, които се провеждат под патронажа на президента на Република България. Целта е популяризиране на резултатите от научните изследвания в областта на автоматиката и информатиката, както и да се отбележи 4 октомври – професионалният празник на българските специалисти по компютърна техника, информационни технологии и автоматика.
новости, информация, общество
Дни на Джон Атанасов 2025
Дните на Джон Атанасов са свързани с рождения ден на патрона на Съюза по автоматика и информатика Джон Атанасов – 4 октомври, и се провеждат традиционно всяка година. 4 октомври е обявен от Министерския съвет за Ден на информационното общество в България – професионален празник на специалистите по компютърна техника, информационни технологии и автоматика, и се чества от 2007 г.
новости, информация, общество
26-а международна конференция „Компютърни системи и технологии“ CompSysTech’25, 27-28 юни 2025 г., Русе
CompSysTech’25 е двадесет и шестото издание на Международната конференция по компютърни системи и технологии. Конференцията се проведе на 27-28 юни 2025г. в Русенския университет „Ангел Кънчев“, Русе.
новости, информация, общество
Заслужено признание Акад. Васил Сгурев с почетното звание „Доктор хонорис кауза“ на Русенски университет „Ангел Кънчев“
На 27 май 2025 г. акад. Васил Сгурев беше удостоен с почетното звание „Доктор хонорис кауза“ на Русенски университет „Ангел Кънчев“. Присъждането на званието е заслужено признание и оценка на цялостния принос на акад. Сгурев за развитието и утвърждаването на факултет „Електротехника, електроника и автоматика“ на Русенския университет в образователното и научното пространство, както и за развитието на иновационните технологии в национален и световен аспект.
автоматика
В. Акиванов. Методи и средства за дистанционно измерване и съхраняване на данни от първични източници
Key Words: Signal sources; PLC; Arduino; Raspberry Pi; Data Base; data server; programming software.
Abstract. In this article are considered several variants of systems for capturing data from measuring devices, their processing and their transmission for further storage in a database. Databases are considered, also the formation of records in them. In the modern digital world, automation acquires new dimensions and new qualities of receiving, processing and storing results. This article considers: measuring devices – sources of digital signals; devices/controllers for signal processing; methods and means for storing measured information; software tools for processing and storing data. As an example, elements of a program for receiving, processing and storing data received via the Modbus protocol are shown.
изкуствен интелект
С. Йорданов, Г. Михалев, К. Орманджиев, Х. Стойчева, С. Иванов. Приложение на адаптивен невро-ПИД регулатор при управление на електрохидравлична система
Key Words: Neural PID control; adaptive control; electro-hydraulic system; nonlinear systems; MATLAB/Simulink; robustness.
Abstract. This article presents an adaptive Neural PID Optimizer for control of a nonlinear electro-hydraulic servo system. Conventional PID controllers with fixed parameters ensure satisfactory performance only in a limited operating range and exhibit degraded behavior at low rotational speeds due to dead-zone effects and at high speeds due to actuator saturation. To address these limitations, a neural network is employed to adapt the PID gains Kp, Ki, and Kd in real time based on the system state. Simulation studies conducted in MATLAB/Simulink for different operating regimes and load variations demonstrate that the proposed adaptive controller improves dynamic performance, reduces settling time, eliminates steady-state error, and enhances robustness to disturbances. The time evolution of the controller parameters confirms the effective operation of the neural adaptation mechanism. The results validate the suitability of the proposed approach for control of nonlinear electrohydraulic systems with variable operating conditions.
изкуствен интелект
М. Хаджийски. Интелигентно управление с поощряващо обучение в индустриалната автоматика
Key Words: Adaptation; integration; Machine Learning; modeling; optimization; Reinforcement Learning; tuning.
Abstract. The article examines the main directions for integrating the Reinforcement Machine Learning (RL) as an extension of the already existing advanced industrial automation systems based on the classical PID and MPC regulators. The appropriate areas of application, functionality, advantages and disadvantages of the application of RL in direct process control, hybrid regulation, as well as in local coordination of complex multidimensional, nonlinear, with parametric variability and large number of constraints objects with frequent changes of the control objectives are analyzed. The goal of integrating RL is to achieve optimality, adaptability and security in all possible operational situations from technological and business aspects that are unattainable for traditional systems with PID and MPC regulators. An analysis was made and the prospects for the gradual transformation of RL into the third main pillar of industrial automation along with PID and MPC were assessed.
информатика
П. Благов, П. Русков, Европейските проекти EBSI-NE (Node Expansion) и OnePass: рамка за доверие между стартиращи компании, инвеститори и оператори на услуги
Key Words: EBSI; EUROPEUM-EDIC; EBSI-NE; VeloxWallet; EBSI OnePass.
Abstract. The aim of the article is to present the challenges, experience and solutions obtained by the teams in which the authors work for the architecture of EBSI nodes, processes and roles in verification and financing of start-ups and SMEs in the European projects EBSI-NE and EBSI OnePass. The European Blockchain Infrastructure for Services (EBSI) is presented as a common cross-border framework in Europe – need and opportunities, technologies and a single legal framework to support growth and business. The architectures and basic functionalities of the EBSI-NE projects, which develop the EBSI network by adding 18 new validator nodes to the production network and providing comprehensive support services to all stakeholders, and the EBSI OnePass project, which develops decentralized services for the processes of innovative financing of SMEs, are described. The developed digital wallet VeloxWallet, which offers various functionalities, such as KYC (Know Your Customer) and KYB (Know Your Business) schemes for verifiable certificates and the verification process of the participants in the OnePass project, are examined. Empirical results from the work on the two projects are also discussed: a developed environment for implementation in the EBSI pre-production stage, ecommendations for testing the OnePass project, and future directions for the application and development of the OnePass platform.
автоматика
Н. Делийски, Л. Дзуренда, Д. Ангелски, П. Вичев, К. Атанасова, Изчисляване на топлинния баланс и КПД на бетонни ями при пропарване на фурнирни трупи в тях
Key Words: Concrete pits; veneer logs; steaming; thermal balance; energy efficiency.
Abstract. A methodology for computing the thermal balance and energy efficiency of concrete pits when steaming veneer logs in them has been presented. The methodology is based on the use of two personal mathematical models: 1D non-linear model of the unsteady temperature distribution along the radius in the central cross section of non-frozen logs at conductive boundary conditions, and a stationary model of the thermal balance of concrete pits when steaming wood materials in them. For numerical solving of the models and practical application of the suggested methodology, a software packages were prepared in the calculation environment of Visual FORTRAN Professional and in Excel respectively. With the help of the first model, the steaming times of beech logs with a diameter of 0.4 m, initial temperature of 0, 10, and 20 °C and moisture content of 0.4, 0.6, and 0.8 kg∙kg-1 were determined at operating temperatures in the pit equal to 70, 80, and 90 °C. Using the determined logs’ steaming durations, with the help of the second model the change in the energy required for the entire steaming process and that for each of the components of the pit’s thermal balance was calculated. The thermal efficiency of a concrete pit was also determined under different combinations of factors affecting the steaming of the logs. Computer simulations were performed for a well-insulated pit with working volume of 20 m3 and degree of filling it with logs 45%, 60%, and 75%. It has been established that the energy consumption of the pit decreases from 122.8 to 106.3 kWh·m-3 when the initial temperature of logs with a moisture content of 0.6 kg∙kg-1 is increased from 0 °C to 20 °C, and their logs heating is realized at a temperature of the steaming medium of 80 °C and a maximum possible in practice degree of filling the pit with logs of 75%. The increase in the temperature in the pit from 70 to 90 °C at its 75% filling with logs with an initial temperature of 10 °C and a moisture content of 0.6 kg∙kg-1 causes an increase in its energy consumption from 103.4 to 127.0 kWh·m-3. In these two cases, the thermal efficiency of the pit decreases – in the first case from 41.8% to 35.7% and in the second case – from 39.1% to 38.9%. The increase in the moisture content of the logs from 0.4 to 0.8 kg·kg-1 causes an increase in the energy consumption of the pit from 104.3 to 125.2 kWh∙m-3 at its 75% filling and steaming at 80 °C of logs with an initial temperature of 10 °C. In this case, the thermal efficiency of the pit increases from 34.3% to 42.9%. The presented methodology can be used to calculate the thermal balance and efficiency of concrete pits with different geometric and thermophysical parameters when steaming logs of different wood species to any desired degree of heating and plasticization in the production of veneer
изкуствен интелект
Г. Петров, Битови манипулации и хардуерни оптимизации за бързи трансцендентни функции в Edge и IoT устройства
Key Words: Bit manipulations; hardware optimizations; Edge devices; lookup tables (LUT); CORDIC; fast inverse square root; embedded machine learning.
Abstract. Fast and energy-efficient evaluation of transcendental functions (for example, logarithm, exponential, square root, and normalization) is critical for real-time signal processing and on-device AI inference in Edge and IoT systems. This paper surveys and experimentally validates a set of lightweight techniques – primarily IEEE-754 based bit-level manipulations (bit tricks) – alongside code- and hardware-level optimizations (loop unrolling, DMA usage, and other low-level optimizations) that dramatically accelerate these functions on resource-constrained microcontrollers. We describe simple but effective bit hacks for fast approximations of log₂(x), 2ˣ, √x and 1/√x (including the well-known “Quake” inverse square root), explain their theoretical basis in floating-point representation, and show how modest corrections to the mantissa (linear and low-order polynomial) can substantially improve accuracy while retaining most performance gains. Benchmarking across representative platforms (AVR, Cortex-M variants with/without FPU, ESP32, and RISC-V boards) demonstrates up to 10× speedups relative to standard library implementations, with typical accuracy in the range of 5-6 bits for raw bit-trick estimates and much improved error after correction terms. We discuss practical integration patterns, trade-offs between latency, memory footprint, and numerical fidelity, and recommend when to combine bit tricks with LUTs or CORDIC for broader function coverage. Finally, we outline use cases (embedded ML feature scaling, entropy computation, normalization in DSP and robotics) and caveats (unsuitability for high-precision scientific/financial calculations and for periodic functions like sin/cos), providing guidelines for safe deployment in production Edge/IoT projects.
