На 11-12 ноември 2021 г. във виртуална среда се проведе традиционният ежегоден 29-и международен симпозиум „Управление на енергийни, индустриални и екологични системи“, организиран от Съюза по автоматика и информатика „Джон Атанасов“ със съдействието на ФНТС.
В повече от четвъртвековното си съществуване симпозиумът е поддържал неизменно линията за връзка между специалистите по автоматика и информатика от изследователските групи и индустрията.
На 30 декември 2021 г. внезапно ни напусна нашият дълбоко уважаван колега и приятел член-кореспондент проф. д.т.н. Филип Иванов Филипов.
Филип Филипов е роден през 1942 г. в Ямбол. Завършва Техническия университет в Илменау, Германия, специалност физика и механика на електронните елементи, където защитава и дисертация за доктор на тема „Полеви транзистори“.
Дисертацията му за доктор на науките е на тема „Проблеми на хибридната миниатюризация на електронни схеми и възли“. Научните звания доцент и професор са му присъдени съответно през 1974 и 1991 г. Член-кореспондент е на Австрийската академия на науките, а през 2008 г. е избран и за член-кореспондент на БАН.
Кey Words: Wooden prisms; veneer production; autoclave steaming; 2D model; processing medium temperature; energy consumption; heat balance; loading level of autoclave; moisture content of prisms.
Abstract. A methodology for computation of the processing medium temperature and connected with it energy consumption and heat fluxes during autoclave steaming of non-frozen ooden prisms for veneer production at limited heat power of the steam generator, depending on the dimensions of the prisms cross section, wood moisture content, and loading level of the autoclave has been suggested.
The methodology is based on the use of two personal mathematical models: 2D non-linear model of the temperature distribution in subjected to steaming non-frozen prismatic wood materials and model of the non-stationary heat balance of autoclaves for steaming wood materials. The heat balance of the autoclaves consist of following components: energy used for heating of the subjected to teaming wood materials, energy used for heating of the body of the autoclave and of the situated in it metal trolleys for positioning of the wood materials, energy used for heating of the insulating layer of the autoclave, energy used for covering of the heat emission from the autoclave in the surrounding air, energy used for filling in with steam the free (unoccupied by wood materials) part of the working volume of the autoclave and energy, which is accumulated in the gathered in the lower part of the autoclave condense water. For numerical solving of the models and practical application of the suggested methodology, a software package was prepared in the calculation environment of Visual FORTRAN Professional developed by Microsoft. Using this package computations and research of the non-stationary change of the processing medium temperature in an autoclave with a diameter of 2.4 m, length of its cylindrical part of 9.0 m and loading level of 40, 50, and 60% at a limited heat power of the steam generator, equal to 500 kW during the initial part of the steaming process in it of beech prisms with cross-section dimensions of 0.3 × 0.3 m, 0.4 × 0.4 m, and 0.5 × 0.5 m, initial temperature of 0 °C, basic density of 560 kg·m-3, moisture content of 0.4, 0.6, and 0.8 kg·kg-1 have been carried out. Simultaneously with this the heat fluxes and energy consumption required for the heating of the prisms and for the whole steaming process in the autoclave have been calculated. The suggested methodology can be used for the computation and model based automatic realization of energy efficient optimized regimes for autoclave steaming of different wood materials
Кey Words: Reconstruction; sequencing; genetic algorithms.
Abstract. Sequences reconstruction is a problem often met in many research areas. The core of this problem is how to recreate a full sequence of ordered information when only chunks of it are known.
Sequence reconstruction is applied in fields like genetics, cryptography and encoding. In this research, an approximate reconstruction of sequences is proposed, which is applied in the gambling industry for reverse engineering of slot machine virtual reels. The importance of this problem is related to the control of gambling games parameters by law regulators. The problem in this research has a combinatorial nature. The analyzed sequences are taken from commercial slot machine games. When the gambler spins the virtual reels he/she does not know how symbols are distributed on the reels. The gambler sees only small parts of the reels when they are stopped. By observing the game for a long enough time the gambler can record these small parts of the reels observer on the screen.
Collecting enough information the gambler can try to reconstruct all positions of the symbols on the virtual reels. Such reconstruction is not trivial, because there is too much unknown information. If there are absolutely identical repeating patterns on the virtual reels the gambler can not find this out by just observing small chunks.
Reverse engineering is commonly used during the analysis of slot machine gambling games. There are many approaches such reverse reconstruction to be done. In most cases, the goal of the engineers is to reconstruct the virtual reels completely. The reconstruction is similar to puzzle solving by attaching each observed piece with a proper corresponding one. Such reconstruction is not always possible because in some cases there is more than one way of connecting the observed pieces. The contribution of this study is related to the approximate reconstruction of the sequences. It does not give a direct solution to the reconstruction problem. Instead of this, it gives an approximate solution. The goal is a little bit changed from the exact reconstruction of the virtual reels to the construction of such reels which will give close behavior of the slot machine gambling game if they are loaded inside the machine instead of the original reels. The innovative approach is that the search for a sub-optimal solution is done in the space of the chunks instead of in the space of the sequences. The proposed approximate reconstruction is approved by experiments with real industrial data.
Кey Words: Kinvey; JavaScript; jQuery; HTML; CSS.
Abstract. The proposed application discussed in the present article is a browser based strategy game. The programmable languages and tools used for its development including JavaScript, jQuery, HTML, CSS, Kinvey, Sublime Text, etc. The application is build using the 3-Tier Software Architecture. Some of the benefits of this architecture are scalability, speed of development, performance, availability, etc.
Кey Words: Neural classifiers; state of river waters; Struma river; presence of inadmissible pollution.
Abstract. The aim of the present work is to study the possibilities for developing a system for monitoring the state of the water on the Struma River and the presence of unacceptable pollution. The development of the algorithms of the monitoring system is in accordance with the normative documents of the Republic of Bulgaria and is built on the basis of monitoring measurements for the quality of the river waters from six monitoring points for the period 2010-2019. The following variables characterizing water quality were analyzed:
ammonium nitrogen (NH4-N), nitrate nitrogen (NO3-N), nitrite nitrogen (NO2-N), pH, biological oxygen demand (BOD), electrical conductivity (EC), total nitrogen (TN), total organic carbon (TOC), total phosphorus (TP), orthophosphate phosphorus (PO4-P), dissolved oxygen (DO), temperature (T) and chemical oxygen demand (COD).
The section of the river Struma from before Blagoevgrad to the border (bridge for the village of Topolnitsa) was chosen for the research. The available measurement data from six monitoring points in the considered section of the Struma River are as synchronized as possible.
Correlation analyzes were performed for the possibility of combining the available measurements from the six monitoring points and for the presence of a correlation dependence between the measured variables characterizing the water quality in the Struma River. The presence of correlations between the variables directs the use of the principal components method as a mathematical apparatus for building the monitoring system. Procedures have been developed for classifying the status of river waters depending on current measurements / analyzes. Expressions for the main components for eleven of the measured variables characterizing water quality are derived.
Research has been carried out to develop a procedure for classifying these measurements into the terms „excellent“, „good“ and „moderate“.
Possibilities for classifications with neural networks have been studied. Measuring some of these variables is a lengthy procedure and can hardly be used for operational actions. For this reason, the possibilities for developing a procedure for monitoring and classifying the status of river waters on the basis of variables, which in principle can be measured automatically (pH, EC, DO and T), have been explored. They also apply the principal components method and classification with neural networks in the same classification categories.
The developed approaches for monitoring the quality of the waters of the Struma River can be applied for each measurement in the six monitored monitoring points.
Кey Words: NIR spectroscopy; chemometric methods; environmental analysis; contaminated soils.
Abstract. Conducting quantitative analysis of soil properties and contaminants in them is a crucial for an achievement of a good understanding of dynamics of ecosystems and a sustainable soil management.
This study presents the recent progress on the developed combined approaches including NIR spectroscopy and chemometrics for accurate, low-cost and reliable quantitative analysis of soil content, published in prestigious journals for the last 7 years. A classification of the approaches depending on the types of soils components, the type of applied pre-processing and chemometric methods
is done. Their main advantages and disadvantages are shown and some trends for future development are outlined.
Key Words: Advanced control; cyber security; industrial control system; networked control; resilience; simulation.
Abstract. An overview of the problems, research efforts and recent results on cyber security of Industrial Control Systems is provided. The interaction between the basic control sub-systems – the advanced control of the plant, the system for predictive safety maintenance and the cyber-security control system is considered. In the paper is shown that cyber security should be treated as a holistic problem and could be successfully solved if tight integration of technological, organizational and human aspects will be achieved. Several approaches for design of contra-actions via implementation simulation and Artificial Intelligence-based technologies are analyzed. Some problems of attack-resilient control of Industrial Control Systems are discussed.
Key Words: Internet of Things (IoT); Wi-Fi module ESP32; Arduino IDE development environment; LPWAN technologies; electronic accounting technologies.
Abstract. In this paper, an ESP32 application in implementing systems for automated reporting of the utilization rate of production capacities in real time is considered. A technical solution of remote control and monitoring of the production process in a textile company, through a dedicated module for sending the time spent on a remote server via Wi-Fi, Lan or Bluetooth is proposed. The obtained information is used to control the production process in real time and determination of the remuneration of workers.
Key Words: Distributed diagnosis; supervisor control; case base reasoning; predictive control.
Abstract. The research is mainly focused of using of possibility to collect the historical information about the behavior of the control system. The main focus is to illustrate using of the Case Base Predictive Control, which optimizes the way of choosing the optimal way of control of the system in respect of taking the decisions according to the historical experience about system behavior and fast changing outdoor parameters. The paper described forming of cases which describing different system situations and the appropriate way of choosing of the right way of system control. The proposed research represented the possibility to aplly Case Base Reasoning (CBR), based on the previous knowledge about system behavior and possible system disturbances caused from different environment changes (climatic and economic ones). The research propose the way of optimizing the control of energetic control system based on previous known cases.
Key Words: Botnet attacks; DoS attacks; intrusion detecting system; genetic algorithms.
Abstract. One of the most common attacks against information security is Botnet. Recognizing such attacks requires the development of effective security systems. Intrusion detection systems collect information from different sources in computer systems and networks. For most systems, this information is compared to predefined patterns of abuse to identify attacks and vulnerabilities. Much of the existing host-based systems for botnet detection use techniques based on anomalies or rules. This paper presents some aspects of the implementation of a host-based botnet attack detection system. The system uses an anomaly detection technique based on a genetic algorithm.
Key Words: HRV; ECG; linear analysis; non-linear analysis; Poincaré plot.
Abstract. The article is devoted to the mathematical analysis of the linear and nonlinear properties of heart rate variability (HRV) determined by digital electrocardiological data. The advantage of the mathematical methods used is their ability to detect minor cardiovascular abnormalities and a way to evaluate the overall functional capabilities of the body. The quantitative dimensions of the studied parameters when using linear mathematical methods of analysis have significant clinical application because the boundaries of norm-pathology are known. The application of non-linear mathematical methods in data analysis provides additional information on the physiological status of patients. The article presents the results of the linear analysis of the studied data in the frequency domain and the results of the nonlinear analysis by applying the Poincare graphical method, which allows the doctors to see the whole electrocardiological record at a glance and quickly detect cardiovascular disorders if there are some. The analysis of HRV by applying linear and nonlinear methods provides ample opportunity for clinical and research applications.
Key Words: 3D modeling; dynamic software; research approach; stereometry.
Abstract. The article presents a new approach to the training of students in Stereometry in the secondary schools. The aim is to create an application that presents the learning material of the textbooks in a way that is easily understood by learners while at the same time excites them and motivates them for new knowledge. Graphics are presented which can be implemented in two ways: solid and wireframe (transparent), their advantages and disadvantages are considered. An analysis of 3D modeling techniques such as LOD (Level of Details), voxels and sweep representation is also done. The study highlights the advantage of the system, which is the stereoscopic perspective. Its implementation is realized by a system without immersion or projector. The constructivism and the connectivism are considered as suitable methodologies in case of application-based training in mathematics.
Шестата международна конференция „Big Data, Knowledge and Control Systems Engineering“ за първи път се проведе с техническото спонсорство на Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers – IEEE, в периода 21-22 ноември 2019 г. в Националния дом на науката и техниката на ул. Раковски 108, София.
Организатори на конференцията са Институтът по информационни и комуникационни технологии при БАН, Съюзът по автоматика и информатика „Джон Атанасов“ и ФНТС. Изнесените доклади ще бъдат представени за публикуване в библиотеката на IEEE Explore (https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ Xplore/home.jsp). Абстрактите на статиите са публикувани в “Book of Abstracts” (ISSN: 2367-6450) и се качват на сайта на конференцията http://conference.ott-iict.bas.bg/.
Key Words: Artificial intelligence; automatic control; data driven methods; machine learning; model-based control; model-free control.
Abstract. Classical model-free control methods, which still have extremely large application in industry are considered in historical perspective and in accordance with their advantages and disadvantages. Some of the most popular model-free approaches, adopted last three decades (ultra-local model-based, rule-based, express system-based) are treated tacking into account their pros and cons, depending on the complexity of the control problem and the business aspect. A special attention is paid to contemporary very actual data-driven approaches. The most promising of them, oriented to AI-based technologies (especially machine learning) are discussed. A comparative analysis is carried out in order to clarify the advantages, disadvantages and challenges of model-based and model-free approaches implementation in control in big data era.
Key Words: DC motor; virtual instrument; LabVIEW; mechanical characteristics.
Abstract. This article is an enhancement of an existing bench by creating an instrumental tool through LabVIEW for automated mechanical characteristics removal of a DC motor on a system generator-motor. By using the Arduino microcontroller for analogue-to-digital conversion from the sensor (modules) and for connection to the computer, it allows with a relatively small amount of resources to upgrade an existing stand. Voltage dividers for voltage measurement and built-in virtual instrument and graphical screen for visualizing the system’s operation processes were built.
Key Words: Ammonia production; gas condensate stripping; hierarchical control system; profit loop; supervisory control.
Abstract. In this paper examines an existing industrial plant for gas condensate stripping, which is part of ammonia production. Processes and apparatuses are described. Real industrial measurements were made on the basis of which analyses were made. A conceptual architecture of a hierarchical control system for installation’s control is presented. The suggested architecture can be implemented and tested with the existing Honeywell’s Experion PKS. The main purpose of the hierarchical control system is to improve the efficiency of heat sources and the quality of the stripped gas condensate. This will improve the economic performance of the entire ammonia plant.
Key Words: Catalytic vacuum pyrolysis; state space; state observer; state controller; MATLAB Simulink; PLC; SISO; Unity Pro XL.
Abstract. This paper discusses problem designing PLC-based process control system for catalytic vacuum pyrolysis. Paper presented PLC-based discrete state modal controller for SISO systems. It is based on observer of Luenberger. The state controller is synthesized as a functional block in programming environment Unity Pro XL for PLC series Modicon M340 of Schneider Electric.
Key Words: Ethereum; block chain; smart contract; crypto-token; crypto-currency.
Abstract. The proposed paper realized a smart contract based on Ethereum blockchain. The decentralized crypto-token is created for Initial Coin Offering (ICO) and based on ERC20 standard. A web-based interface is created for sale of these crypto-tokens. The results from experimental tests are presented.
Key Words: Heart Rate Variability; Statistical Analysis; Atrial Fibrillation; Premature Ventricular Contraction; Normal Sinus Rhythm; Orthogonal Transforms.
Abstract. Cardiovascular diseases are among the first causes of death. The main cardiovascular diseases are myocardial ischemia, various types of arrhythmias, reduced ability to contract the left ventricle. Cardiac testing is performed non-invasively by electrocardiograph or Holter monitoring. The paper examines, through the application of orthogonal transforms, the continuous holter recordings of individuals with Atrial Fibrillation, Premature Ventricular Contraction and Normal Sinus Rhythm. The mathematical analysis is performed in the time domain. The results show characteristic differences between patients with both types of arrhythmias and in healthy individuals. The presented results can be of benefit to cardiology practice in Bulgaria and worldwide.
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