Категория: АВТОМАТИКА И ИНФОРМАТИКА 4, 2025 г.

Key Words: EBSI; EUROPEUM-EDIC; EBSI-NE; VeloxWallet; EBSI OnePass.

Abstract. The aim of the article is to present the challenges, experience and solutions obtained by the teams in which the authors work for the architecture of EBSI nodes, processes and roles in verification and financing of start-ups and SMEs in the European projects EBSI-NE and EBSI OnePass. The European Blockchain Infrastructure for Services (EBSI) is presented as a common cross-border framework in Europe – need and opportunities, technologies and a single legal framework to support growth and business. The architectures and basic functionalities of the EBSI-NE projects, which develop the EBSI network by adding 18 new validator nodes to the production network and providing comprehensive support services to all stakeholders, and the EBSI OnePass project, which develops decentralized services for the processes of innovative financing of SMEs, are described. The developed digital wallet VeloxWallet, which offers various functionalities, such as KYC (Know Your Customer) and KYB (Know Your Business) schemes for verifiable certificates and the verification process of the participants in the OnePass project, are examined. Empirical results from the work on the two projects are also discussed: a developed environment for implementation in the EBSI pre-production stage, ecommendations for testing the OnePass project, and future directions for the application and development of the OnePass platform.

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Key Words: Concrete pits; veneer logs; steaming; thermal balance; energy efficiency.

Abstract. A methodology for computing the thermal balance and energy efficiency of concrete pits when steaming veneer logs in them has been presented. The methodology is based on the use of two personal mathematical models: 1D non-linear model of the unsteady temperature distribution along the radius in the central cross section of non-frozen logs at conductive boundary conditions, and a stationary model of the thermal balance of concrete pits when steaming wood materials in them. For numerical solving of the models and practical application of the suggested methodology, a software packages were prepared in the calculation environment of Visual FORTRAN Professional and in Excel respectively. With the help of the first model, the steaming times of beech logs with a diameter of 0.4 m, initial temperature of 0, 10, and 20 °C and moisture content of 0.4, 0.6, and 0.8 kg∙kg-1 were determined at operating temperatures in the pit equal to 70, 80, and 90 °C. Using the determined logs’ steaming durations, with the help of the second model the change in the energy required for the entire steaming process and that for each of the components of the pit’s thermal balance was calculated. The thermal efficiency of a concrete pit was also determined under different combinations of factors affecting the steaming of the logs. Computer simulations were performed for a well-insulated pit with working volume of 20 m3 and degree of filling it with logs 45%, 60%, and 75%. It has been established that the energy consumption of the pit decreases from 122.8 to 106.3 kWh·m-3 when the initial temperature of logs with a moisture content of 0.6 kg∙kg-1 is increased from 0 °C to 20 °C, and their logs heating is realized at a temperature of the steaming medium of 80 °C and a maximum possible in practice degree of filling the pit with logs of 75%. The increase in the temperature in the pit from 70 to 90 °C at its 75% filling with logs with an initial temperature of 10 °C and a moisture content of 0.6 kg∙kg-1 causes an increase in its energy consumption from 103.4 to 127.0 kWh·m-3. In these two cases, the thermal efficiency of the pit decreases – in the first case from 41.8% to 35.7% and in the second case – from 39.1% to 38.9%. The increase in the moisture content of the logs from 0.4 to 0.8 kg·kg-1 causes an increase in the energy consumption of the pit from 104.3 to 125.2 kWh∙m-3 at its 75% filling and steaming at 80 °C of logs with an initial temperature of 10 °C. In this case, the thermal efficiency of the pit increases from 34.3% to 42.9%. The presented methodology can be used to calculate the thermal balance and efficiency of concrete pits with different geometric and thermophysical parameters when steaming logs of different wood species to any desired degree of heating and plasticization in the production of veneer

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Key Words: Bit manipulations; hardware optimizations; Edge devices; lookup tables (LUT); CORDIC; fast inverse square root; embedded machine learning.

Abstract. Fast and energy-efficient evaluation of transcendental functions (for example, logarithm, exponential, square root, and normalization) is critical for real-time signal processing and on-device AI inference in Edge and IoT systems. This paper surveys and experimentally validates a set of lightweight techniques – primarily IEEE-754 based bit-level manipulations (bit tricks) – alongside code- and hardware-level optimizations (loop unrolling, DMA usage, and other low-level optimizations) that dramatically accelerate these functions on resource-constrained microcontrollers. We describe simple but effective bit hacks for fast approximations of log₂(x), 2ˣ, √x and 1/√x (including the well-known “Quake” inverse square root), explain their theoretical basis in floating-point representation, and show how modest corrections to the mantissa (linear and low-order polynomial) can substantially improve accuracy while retaining most performance gains. Benchmarking across representative platforms (AVR, Cortex-M variants with/without FPU, ESP32, and RISC-V boards) demonstrates up to 10× speedups relative to standard library implementations, with typical accuracy in the range of 5-6 bits for raw bit-trick estimates and much improved error after correction terms. We discuss practical integration patterns, trade-offs between latency, memory footprint, and numerical fidelity, and recommend when to combine bit tricks with LUTs or CORDIC for broader function coverage. Finally, we outline use cases (embedded ML feature scaling, entropy computation, normalization in DSP and robotics) and caveats (unsuitability for high-precision scientific/financial calculations and for periodic functions like sin/cos), providing guidelines for safe deployment in production Edge/IoT projects.

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